Many substandard and fake anti-malarials found in African analysis of these drugs in Ghana, Nigeria and other African countries.  Pollen analysis of the counterfeit anti-malarials indicate that they might originate in South East Asia.  They do not come from Africa.  Active pharmaceutical ingedients contained in the fakes included paracetamol and sildenafil, the API in Viagra.  The dose of sildenafil would be sufficient to cause problems for anyone with low blood pressure.  Counterfeit products like this could threaten the long term aim of erradicating the disease in Africa.